Purpose: Food security is a critical global challenge that is influenced by research AND innovation in the field. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the scientific output of developing countries in food security AND examine its relationship with patents AND Gross Domestic Product (GDP).Methodology: This applied research utilized the Scientometric approach. A total of 8,416 papers published between 1992-2023 in the field of food security by developing countries were included in the study using citation databases from Clarivate Analytics. Additionally, patent registrations from the WIPO database AND GDP data from the World Bank were analyzed. Information was collected through note-taking, AND the data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.Findings: The findings reveal an upward trend in the publication AND citation of scientific outputs related to food security in developing countries. China has higher numbers of papers, patents, GDP, AND food production index compared to Iran, Japan, AND South Korea. There is also a positive correlation observed between population AND the number of papers, gross production AND the number of papers, food production AND the number of published papers, as well as the number of patents AND papers citing scientific outputs of countries.Conclusion: These results highlight the significant relationship between increasing scientific output, GDP, the number of patents, AND food security. Greater emphasis on food security contributes to enhanced scientific output, GDP, AND innovation. Similarly, increasing scientific output, GDP, AND innovation positively impact food security in countries.Value: This study emphasizes the importance of scientific outputs in driving technological advancements, innovations, AND ultimately, ensuring food security in developing countries.

Purpose: The flourishing of political parties AND currents is one of the signs of the degree of development in societies. In contemporary Iran AND since the formation of the constitutional movement, political currents have gone through many ups AND downs AND it can be said that political currents in Iran after the Islamic Revolution have not yet reached the stage of institutionalization AND stability. A characteristic feature of political currents in Iran is the divergence AND division among political currents in recent decades, AND this can be one of the reasons for the instability AND cross-sectional AND seasonal activity of political parties in Iran. Therefore, the necessity of leading research seeks to answer the question of how factors AND divergence among political currents in Iran after the victory of the Islamic Revolution can be analyzed? AND what are the scenarios for the advancement of political currents in Iran?Method: To answer this question, the method of causal-layer ANALYSIS, which is one of the qualitative methods in futures research, has been used.Findings: The research findings indicate that this divergence is due to a wide range of reasons from the level of causal systems (from the institutionalization of power to the formation of parties as elitist initiatives), worldview AND discourse (from charismatic political authority to culture). Subsidiary-follower politics to myth-metaphor (Iranian individualism to belief in a strong state-weak society) can be analyzed.Conclusions: Three scenarios for the future of Iranian political currents can be considered: integration of currents as the security valve of the political system, the collapse of political currents in the traditional form, integration AND consolidation in new social movements (virtualized parties).

Introduction: Ethical leadership is leadership focused on appropriate behavior through respect for ethics AND values, as well as the rights AND dignity of others. Ethical leadership can add value to businesses by motivating employees AND fulfilling company values. Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the relationship between ethical leadership AND cooperative social responsibility AND the moral climate of the organization. Material & Methods: The current research is applied in terms of purpose AND descriptive AND correlational in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this research included all employees of Management AND Science University (MSU) in Malaysia. Among them, 200 people were selected as the research sample using a simple rANDom sampling method. A stANDard questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was analyzed by structural equation modeling method. Results: The results of statistical ANALYSIS showed that ethical leadership has a direct AND positive effect on cooperative social responsibility AND ethical climate. Also, moral climate has a direct AND positive effect on cooperative social responsibility. At the same time, ethical leadership has an indirect AND positive effect on cooperative social responsibility through the mediation of ethical climate. Conclusion: Ethical leadership can affect their social responsibility by inspiring employees to motivate AND align with the company's values. The results of this research showed that ethical leadership leads to greater employee satisfaction AND collaborative responsibility AND leads to the formation of an ethical atmosphere in the organization

Competition law is a newcomer to the legal system recently. A sound understANDing of competition policy can provide us with sufficient bases to apply a fundamental AND normative view of the issues of competition law. The difference in supervision AND regulation determines how the market functions AND in order to understAND this difference one must understAND competition policy. Competition policy may be based on governmental support for national production AND industry or on a non-interventional AND regulatory posture. Moreover, supervision, based on the principle of non-intervention in the market mechanism, is rooted in liberal ideas; however, regulation, whether as a rule or an exception, is based on the assertion that the market has been ineffective in attaining its goals. Therefore, the government will resort to interventions to regulate inefficiencies.  This paper aims to analyze Supervisory Authority in Implementing Competitive Policy by employing the description method. In this article the author tries to first delineate competition policy, its related requirements AND imposed deviations to the market. Then, by defining the supervisory entity AND clarifying its distinction from the regulatory institutions, the author considers the characteristics of an appropriate supervisory entity conducting a comparative study of this issue in Iran AND the U.S.A. This form of Competition policy because of its applicable experiences which have been well described by recent scholarship is considered suitable for the native system.

Plastic hinge properties play a crucial role in predicting the nonlinear response of structural elements. The plastic hinge region of reinforced concrete normal beams has been previously studied experimentally AND analytically. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the behavior of the plastic hinge region of reinforced concrete deep beams AND its comparison with normal beams through finite element simulation. To do so, ten beams contain six deep beams, AND four normal beams, under concentrated AND uniformly distributed loading, are investigated. Lengths in the plastic hinge region involving curvature localization, rebar yielding, AND concrete crushing zones are studied. The results indicate that the curvature localization zone is not suitable for the prediction of plastic hinge length in reinforced concrete deep beams. Based on the results it can be stated that in simply supported normal beams the concrete crushing zone is focused on the middle span, but in simply supported deep beams by creating a compression strut between loading place AND support, the concrete crushing zone spreads along the compression trajectory. The rebar yielding zone of simply supported beams increases as the loading type is changed from the concentrated load at the middle to the uniformly distributed load.

Purpose: Clustering AND co-word ANALYSIS is a method to reveal relationships AND links AND illustrate the intellectual structure of a scientific field. This research tries to study the intellectual structure of articles in the field of futures studies in Iran by using the technique of co-word ANALYSIS. Method: The current research is a descriptive-analytical development with a scientometric approach. The statistical population is 921 articles retrieved records in the field of futures studies. Findings: The findings showed that articles in the field of futures studies in Iran are often associated with positive growth, AND in terms of frequency, the keywords scenario, Islamic Republic, AND foresight are the most frequent in futures studies. The findings related to the hierarchical clustering led to the formation of 8 clusters in this field, namely "ICT visions", "geographers who love the future", "knowledge development", " Futuristic higher education", "Future of Religion", "Regional Relations", "Strategic Foresight" AND "Heavy Weight of Method". Conclusion: According to the findings of the current research AND the high frequency of the keyword scenario, as well as the density AND relationships of this keyword with other keywords, it can be concluded that the scenario is the dominant approach in futures studies. Also, according to the resulting clusters, it was observed that these researches have a high variety, but addressing the future in many areas is still neglected.

Our ANALYSIS of Popper’s philosophy of science focuses on his concepts of tradition AND situational ANALYSIS. These concepts represent innovative Popperian contributions to a historical AND hermeneutical turn in philosophy of science that most of his critics, especially Kuhn, fail to recognize. According to his historical view, Popper conceives sciences as a complex of traditions in continuous transformation AND progress by means of rational discussion of theories. In order to grasp the rational progress of scientific traditions, Popper proposes an original method that he calls “situational ANALYSIS”. This hermeneutical method seeks to understAND the concepts, hypotheses, actions, practices, controversies AND products that scientists made to solve problems in their specific historical contexts to improve the truth content of theories. In addition to his historical AND hermeneutical turn, Popper also inquired about the social AND political conditions for the progress of scientific traditions by means of intersubjective criticism of theories AND conjectures. According to him, the rational discussion of ideas requires, as necessary conditions, plurality of ideas, intellectual humility, AND freedom of thought AND communication that can only exist in an open AND democratic society. With these considerations, we may say that in addition to a historical AND hermeneutical turn, Popper also contributed to a social AND political turn in the philosophy of science

In order to determine the role of the US withdrawal from Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPA) in 2018 in the evolution AND change of the poverty framing, this study analyzes how poverty is framed in two categories of specialized (including leadership, Dolat, Mizan, Icana) AND general websites (including Fars, Moj AND Young Journalists Club) during 2017, 2018 AND 2019. For this, it uses Framing as a theory, AND the technique of Pan AND Kosicki’s Frame ANALYSIS as a research method. Findings are categorized in four groups as syntactical, script, thematic, AND rhetorical. The review indicates that 42,302 news AND reports are distributed in these websites in the research period that 275 were identified as samples AND recorded AND analyzed in Maxquda software. The results show that, except for the Young Journalists Club, the way poverty is framed has changed on all cases since the imposition of sanctions, AND sanctions highlighted as one of the main causes of poverty in the framing of poverty. In regard of agenda setting, the coverage of poverty news AND reports is less than 10%; the poverty news coverage has been declining over the three years under study. The websites of Leadership AND Moj have the largest coverage, AND Young Journalists Club has the least amount (less than 1%) of coverage. Due to his type of agenda setting, the problem of poverty is marginalized in public opinion. The framing of poverty with emphasis on the US withdrawal from JCPA as the cause of poverty represent poverty as a temporary issue, silences the voice of the poor, AND depicts the emergence of a new social form in Iranian society.

This study focuses on the investigation of intelligent form-finding AND vibration ANALYSIS of a triangular polyhedral tensegrity that is enclosed within a sphere AND subjected to external loads. The nonlinear dynamic equations of the system are derived using the Lagrangian approach AND the finite element method. The proposed form-finding approach, which is based on a basic genetic algorithm, can determine regular or irregular tensegrity shapes without dimensional constraints. Stable tensegrity structures are generated from rANDom configurations AND based on defined constraints (nodes located on the sphere, parallelism, AND area of upper AND lower surfaces), AND shape finding is performed using the fitness function of the genetic algorithm AND multi-objective optimization goals. The genetic algorithm's efficacy in determining the shape of structures with unpredictable configurations is evaluated in two distinct scenarios: one involving a known connection matrix AND the other involving fixed or rANDom member positions (struts AND cables). The shapes obtained from the algorithm suggested in this study are validated using the force density approach, AND their vibration characteristics are examined. The findings of the comparative study demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methodology in determining the vibrational behavior of tensegrity structures through the utilization of intelligent shape seeking techniques.

Facilities built in areas affected by earthquake activity, such as tunnels, which have always been an integral part of human life, must withstAND both dynamic AND static loading. It has led to the need for practical studies on the effects of earthquakes on underground structures AND the factors affecting their destruction. For this purpose, in this research, at first different patterns of tunnel’s excavation were investigated AND by using Plaxis 2D software AND based on Tabas earthquake in Iran, sensitivity ANALYSIS on geotechnical parameters of the soil surrounding tunnel such as cohesion, friction angle, unit weight AND modulus of elasticity was carried out, AND the parameters whose changes have the greatest AND least effects on the bending moment changes on the tunnel lining are introduced. The results show that tunnel excavation patterns significantly affect the bending moment, axial forces, displacements, AND surface settlement of the tunnel. Often, by dividing tunnel excavation area to small parts, the values of bending moment, axial forces, displacements, AND surface settlement of the tunnel decreases in static ANALYSIS. Also, outputs of sensitivity ANALYSIS on geotechnical parameters of the soil surrounding tunnel showed that modulus of elasticity of the soil surrounding tunnel has the most effect AND cohesion changes have the least effect on bending moment induced on tunnel lining..